Letter
from the Executive Director
A Happy New Year to the entire RCSS Community.
May the New Year bring joy, happiness and satisfaction
in all that you do. As I write this note, it is
also Christmas and Eid-ul-Fitr. We at the RCSS
extend to all of you our very best wishes on these
joyous occasions.
It is greatly satisfying to see the Community
expand and prosper. The year 2000 has seen many
new activities and an expansion of our role. Many
new friends have participated and have become
members of the fraternity. This encourages us
to include a small section in the Newsletter on
Letters from the Alumni. Please provide us with
your brief activities and achievements that you
would like to share with others.
The last quarter was very full. A number of books
and Policy Papers were published, details of which
appear elsewhere. This tempo will continue and
we are preparing for the Winter Workshop in March,
which this year will focus on “Governance, Globalisation
and Environment” and their impact on security.
We have finally acquired additional space, expanded
our library facilities and computerised our books
collection. This will provide us with facilities
for in house conferences and seminars and allow
space for at least two research scholars at a
time. We expect to invite in future scholars from
the region to come and utilise these facilities
in pursuance of their research. This allows us
also to fulfil in some measure the transition
of your Centre from a networking facility to a
more comprehensive research centre.
My term as Executive Director was to expire in
end April 2001. The International Research Committee
has requested me to stay on for another year,
till end April 2002. I have been persuaded to
agree. It has also been decided that in future
the tenure of the Executive Director will be a
fixed term of three years with no provision for
further extension.
Dipankar Banerjee
State & Political Process
Imtiaz Ahmed *
Globalization per se does not influence and
shape the socio-political and economic agendas
of the state. On the contrary, the state for reasons
of misrepresentation, corruption and for having
a crisis ridden civil society tends to fall back
on the power of globalization, indeed, to the
point where the former allows the latter to actually
meddle in its affairs. Any suggestion that effective
state or governmental authority will be able to
offset the power of globalization cannot be taken
too seriously for the question remains, what will
this authority do? If it is ‘the ways of Europe’
and, in a situation where an alternative development
scenario is pathetically lacking, will it not
land us in the very place that we wish to replace?
Put differently, globalization from the top-down
cannot be contained or replaced by developmental
efforts arising from the modernist goal of globalization
from the bottom-up. The latter, in fact, is the
mirror image of the former. Indeed, for a productive
utilization what is required is a thorough rethinking
of things, particularly in all the areas mentioned
above.
Misrepresentation must be replaced by a representation
that is thoroughly transparent and accountable.
In fact, globalization has been very forceful
in its demand for accountability and transparency
in all government activities. Much of the focus
in this context has been limited to the need for
reforming government institutions. While this
is definitely something that needs to be pursued,
I am afraid this would not take us very far in
overcoming misrepresentation and its corollary
byproduct, misgovernance. One must get into the
bottom of all this and suggest newer and fresh
structures that will cease to reproduce the current
state of misrepresentation.
There is always an element of tension between
developing countries, including Bangladesh and
India, and the forces of globalization with respect
to the very meaning and practice of development.
Much criticism, as indicated above, is directed
at the preference of globalization for a a precise
kind of development in South Asia. This suggest
two things first there is one single meaning of
development circulating in the midst of those
who are the pacesetters of globalization, and
second, the practice of development in both Bangladesh
and India is different from those carried out
by the forces of globalization. Needless to say,
both positions are far from true. There is no
one meaning of development in the netweorks of
globalization; in fact, not even within the World
Bank itself. Nor is the Indian and Bangladesh
governments’ development effort different from
those carried out by the forces of globalization.
This understanding of the situation leaves us
with a space for effectively democratizing the
meaning and practice of development.
This democratization could come about in two ways.
First, we need to effectively and creatively make
use of the diverse or pluralist understanding
and practices of development pursued by globalization.
Second, we need to provide space for alternative
development scenarios to be practiced in South
Asia. In this context (to give one example, not
necessarily limited to Bangladesh), ‘Yunusonomics’
(i.e. the economics and developmental practices
of Muhammad Yunus) need to be further explored
and brought to the mainstream discussion, including
the building of an alternative economics curriculum
on the basis of his paradigmatic vision and experience.
The very fact that neo-classical economists have
begun attacking Yunusonomics at this early stage
show that there is some merit in the latter! Indeed,
for saving the people from the ill consequences
of globalization and insecurity and having instead
a productive engagement with globalization, Bangladesh
and India need to match creative thinking with
bold action.
* Chairperson, Department of International Relations
University of Dhaka
Relationship Between Globalization and Human
Development:
The Cases of Pakistan and India
Jennifer Bennett*
Apoor nation’s economic, political and social
security rests on the pursuit of a balance and
sustained economic growth and equitable distribution
of resources, especially to the social sectors
to promote human development which, in turn, could
then be gainfully used to promote economic development
and the overall development and security of the
country. The primary requirement of economic security,
therefore, is human security attained through
the well-being of the people defined in terms
of their longevity, access to education and other
skills that enable them to seek gainful employment
and access to food, energy, housing, clothing
and other necessities of a civilized life. Any
form of development, whether viewed internally
or in terms of globalization primarily needs to
focus on the notion of human development: the
idea of providing equal opportunities to all humans
to enable them to realize their potential.
The important issue of regional cooperation is
shielded away which is critical for Pakistan in
this age of globalization. All across the world,
countries are regrouping on the basis of economic
blocs. Currently, due to political division, both
India and Pakistan are bent on ignoring and dismissing
this issue. In the chaotic situation created by
nuclearized India and Pakistan, what needs to
be understood is that national security must rest
on the social and economic well being of the people
and that military security alone will not assure
national security and that any weakening of the
economy would imply a weakening of national security.
Soon enough the two government of India and Pakistan
would face the crunch (if the two countries do
not curtail and limit its military expenditures)
that the former Soviet faced by investing exorbitantly
in defence and destroying the rest of the economy.
In the light of market liberalization and globalization
over the past two decades, the national strategies
drastically need revamping. Re-engineering the
national policies and strategies relate to: first
division of responsibilities at the public, private
and voluntary levels; and secondly, operations
at the local, national, regional and international.
In the division of responsibilities, public accountability
is critical. The concept of accountability must
operate with in the framework of democracy and
participation. An important aspect of the issues
concerns the mechanisms and procedures for ensuring
public accountability of institutions, private
and public, at different levels.
To attain this model of development, concurrent
actions, unipolarly and interactively, need to
be streamlined by four major players: the Government,
the private sector, the NGOs and the local communities.
This will set the new premise of relationships
between the four actors with each actor’s role
clearly identified and specified without any overlaps
in their roles to avoid inefficiencies and waste
of resources.
We need to restructure our social and economic
base to meet the emerging needs otherwise survival
will be at stake. Presently, the government is
the provider, regulator and an enforcer. The new
role should be that of a facilitator geared towards
a major transformation to a people-centred approach
which is humane, caring and responsive to the
needs of the people. This new system can be built
on the existing system that has an enormous potential
for absorbing the new transformative initiatives.
The new role will be: Devolution of authority
from the top to the lowest echelons of the hierarchy,
from federation to the federating units and from
the federating units to the local government institutions.
The dimensions of neoliberalism should be critically
viewed. National economic and social security
should be aimed at to discourage and reject hegemonistic
design of neo-liberalist policies which lead to
dominating the macro economic frontier to channelize
state-resources toward subsidies and monopolization
of privatization so that the international capital
flow can flourish, in the interest of the North.
To counter and reject such global phenomena and
to delink their effects, strong democratic political
sovereignty of nations and economic democracy
need to be evolved collectively. It is only then
that people-centred development paradigm will
succeed to ensure equitable growth and distribution
of resources across the entire spectra of the
civil society. Strong democratic movements must
come to the forefront with a slogan of self-reliant
economic growth paradigm. Popular alliance, net
working, alliance of people’s movement with other
movements and participatory grassroot groups must
create conditions to pressurize governments to
shift policy-emphasis from achieving efficiency
and export comp titiveness to employment creation
and alleviation of poverty. The struggle essentially
needs to be mobilized at the national level alongwith
holding the national leaders accountable to the
civil society rather than the neoliberalists.
The need for vigilance and informed pressure cannot
be over-emphasized.
* Senior Research Fellow
Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Islamabad
Globalization, Security Technology and Conflicts
in South Asia
Dr. Shantishree D.N.B. Pandit*
Human security has meant free from all danger,
anxiety and fear. Most threats are primarily,
if not exclusively, military in nature and usually
require a military response if the security in
the target state is to be preserved. It is Walter
Lippmannn’s definition that is relevant, “a nation
is secure to the extent to which it is not in
danger of having to sacrifice core values, if
it wishes to avoid war, and is able, if challenged,
to maintain them by victory in such a war.” This
implies that security rises and falls with the
ability of a nation to deter an attack, or to
defeat it. The ability of a nation to protect
its internal values from external threats is extremely
important. The Third world or Global South’s weak
links with the systemic security agenda further
circumscribes the usefulness of the Western concept
of security in explaining the problems of security
Global South states face. This has happened with
India. India did in 1964 make an appeal to extend
the American security umbrella, when the US was
giving the same to the Scandinavian states, but
India was denied. This made India to pursue an
independent self- reliant path to security.
Systemic security had an inverse relationship
with the security of Global South regions and
has often contributed to insecurity in the developing
world. It has done so by turning the Global South
into a relatively low-cost, low stakes arena in
which the rivalries of the major powers could
be played out without affecting those powers’
vital stakes or posing the threat of general war
in the nuclear age. The Western concept of security
has its external orientation, its links with systemic
security and the correspondence of state security
with alliance security. In the Global South, the
security- insecurity calculus is defined in relation
to vulnerabilities- both internal and external
that threaten or have the potential to bring down
or weaken state structures, both territorial and
institutional and governing regimes. Here, human
security has been equated to emancipation and
empowerment. Emancipation is the freeing of people
[as individuals and as groups] from the physical
and human constraints, which stop them from carrying
out what they would freely choose to do. Emancipation
and empowerment, not power or order is true security.
Many of the problems we face today are not the
result of incidental failures but of technological
and scientific successes. Science can describe,
with degrees of precision, what is and to a lesser
degree, can help us to assess what can be. Science
cannot tell us what should be, and that is the
key issue. Science is a form of know-how: it is
a means without consideration of ends. It underlines
the differences between knowing how to do something,
and to knowing what to do. Einstein observed that,
“ we cannot solve the problems that we have created
with the same thinking that created them”. It
is not a problem of lack of knowledge, but primarily
the problems of power and political will. Here
in the present situation with forces of globalization
and security technology having a momentum of their
own, the global system is confronted with a situation
where facts are uncertain, values in dispute,
stakes high and decisions urgent. There are immutable
laws of nature. There are no immutable laws of
economics. Economics and economy are human constructs.
So is security technology. The mantra of growth,
the assumption that rising tides raises all ships;
that increasing national wealth effects distribution
and equity in a country; that comparative advantage
and specialization apply where the capital is
mobile; that the market and technology can deal
with all issues and that competition is good and
natural in all cases.
* Reader, Dept of Political Science and Public
Administration, University of Pune
Kodikara Awards 2001
RCSS invites applications for research grants
to be awarded to young South Asian scholars for
conducting policy-oriented research on strategic
issues of contemporary South Asian interests.
The grants are offered on the basis of research
proposals for in-depth studies focussed on South
Asian strategic and international issues coupled
with a problem-solving approach.
For more information please visit RCSS website:
http://www.rcss.org or write to Programme Officer,
RCSS, No 2, Elibank Road, Colombo 5, Sri Lanka.
Closing date of applications: April 30, 2001
RCSS Chapter Meeting in Chennai
Workshop on ‘Rethinking Security in South Asia’
Report by R. Sridhar *
Aone day workshop titled ’Rethinking Security
in South Asia’ was held at Hotel Ambassador Pallava,
Chennai, on December 2, 2000 under the auspices
of the Regional Centre for Strategic Studies,
Colombo , and the School for Political and International
Studies (SOPIS), University of Madras. Thirty
eight participants from various academic institutions
in Chennai, the armed forces and the media participated
in the workshop. Eminent resource persons spoke
to the participants on issues pertaining to co-operative
security in South Asia and also answered the numerous
queries raised by the participants. The workshop
was organized jointly by R. Sridhar, Assistant
Professor, Dept. of Political Science, Madras
Christian College and Dr. V.. K. Padmanabhan,
Professor, Centre for South and Southeast Asian
Studies, University of Madras.
The workshop was inaugurated by Mr. Mark Larsen,
Consul for Public Affairs, US Consulate in Chennai.
In his inaugural address, Mr. Larsen emphasised
the need to redefine the term “security” and broaden
its scope so as to include the threats to the
individual human being. He stressed on the need
to enlarge the dialogue on security ‘outside the
box’ of defence.
Dr. Alexander Mantramurti, Principal of Madras
Christian College, delivered the keynote address
on Security in South Asia. Pointing out that internal
conflicts were the root cause for inter-state
conflicts in South Asia, Dr. Mantramurti urged
for a more activistic role by the civil society
in security issues.
Mr. R. Sridhar, speaking on “CBMs, in south Asia”
pointed out the threat of nuclear instability
in South Asia and the urgent need for confidence
building measures, particularly in the nuclear
field, between India and Pakistan. Other speakers
were Mr. B.S. Raghavan, IAS (retd) on “Civil Society
in South Asia” and Dr. V.K.Padmanabhan on “Human
Security and Refugees”.
The workshop also provided an opportunity to launch
the “Society for Security Studies” (SSS), a forum
for concerned citizens from all walks of life
to ponder over issues of security-human, social,
political, economic, national and global. The
society hopes to fill the gap in security studies
in South India.
RCSS Chapter Meeting in Karachi
Security in the New Millennium: Envisioning South
Asia
in the Twenty First Century
Report by Farhan Hanif Siddiqi *
Under the auspices of the Regional Centre
for Strategic Studies (RCSS), the Department of
International Relations, University of Karachi
organised a half day workshop on “Security in
the New Millennium: Envisioning South Asia in
the Twenty-First Century” on November 25, 2000
at the Computer Lab/Conference Room of the Department.
The idea for such a workshop originated in the
deliberations of the Eighth Summer Workshop on
“Defence, Technology and Cooperative Security
in South Asia” held at Godavari Village Resort,
Nepal from September 10-20, 2000. The Executive
Director of the RCSS, Mr. Dipankar Banerjee felt
that the ideas of the Summer Workshop needed to
be spread to newer audiences and most importantly,
people needed to be made aware of the importance
of confidence building measures process in South
Asia and the work being done by the RCSS in this
regard. Realising the need and importance of such
a Workshop and the fact that the RCSS experience
had indeed taught all of us something to discuss
and think about, Nausheen and I decided to take
up the challenge.
The purpose of the present Workshop, as outlined,
was to deliberate on traditional security issues
of South Asia with intent of the imperatives forced
on the region by the new millennium and the post
Cold War era.
Dr. Moonis Ahmar, Associate Professor, Department
of International Relations, University of Karachi,
in the key-note address on “South Asian Security
in the Twenty-First Century: Problems and Prospects”,
stated that South Asian security is passing through
a transitional phase because of external changes
and regional contradictions. Dr. Ahmar stated
that as things stand today in South Asia, a qualitative
change in the regional security paradigm requires
the marginalization of state centric security
approach. It would require the restructuring of
the approach of the people of South Asia on basic
issues influencing their lives.
Five papers were presented during the formal session.
The first paper was presented by Ms. Munira Tehsin,
who is a student of M.A. (Final), Department of
International Relations, University of Karachi.
In her paper on “The competing paradigms of security
in the post-Cold War era”, she stated that with
the onset of the post Cold War era, the definition
of security has broadened further by incorporating
political, military, social, economic and environmental
concerns.
The second paper was presented by Mr. Abdul Sami
Shaikh, who is a former student of the Department
of International Relations, Quaid-e-Azam University,
Islamabad. The theme of his paper was “Nuclearization
in South Asia: Implications and Conflict Prevention
Measures”. He stated that the antagonistic relations
between India and Pakistan have created an uncertain
and unstable environment in the South Asian region.
Ms. Asma Pervaiz Khan, who is Cooperative Lecturer,
Department of International Relations, University
of Karachi in her paper titled “The politics of
NPT and CTBT in South Asia” said that no debate
on security in India and Pakistan in the last
several years has been so controversial and entrenched
as one related to these treaties.
Ms. Tayyaba Tanvir, who is Cooperative Lecturer,
Department of International Relations, University
of Karachi presented a paper titled “The Kashmir
Issue: Perceptions and Mechanisms for Resolution”.
Ms. Tayyaba was of the opinion that the Kashmir
issue needs to be looked according to new economic
and political realities of the post Cold war era,
so as to find a meaningful, viable and peaceful
solution to the Kashmir dispute with the will
of the Kashmiri people as party to the dispute.
The fifth and final paper was presented by Ms.
Nasuheen Wasi, Research Officer, Pakistan Institute
of International Affairs, Karachi. The theme of
her paper was “Comprehensive and Cooperative Security
in South Asia”. Ms. Nausheen stated that security
is not restricted to military issue alone but
is comprehensive in character and includes other
elements of national power such as economy, diplomacy,
politics, energy, food security and protection
against natural calamities.
The formal session was followed by a lively question
and answer session. Prof. Dr. Mahtab Ali Shah,
Chairman, Department of International Relations,
University of Sindh, Jamshoro presented the concluding
address. Prof. Dr. Arifa Farid, Dean, Faculty
of Arts and Prof. Syed Sikandar Mehdi, Chairman,
Department of International Relations, University
of Karachi also presented their views on the concept
of South Asian security during the session. In
the end, we would like to thank RCSS and in particular
Mr. Dipankar Banerjee for providing the needed
material support in order to make this Workshop
possible and we hope that this fruitful collaboration
with the RCSS will continue well into the future.
RCSS Chapter Meeting in Sylhet:
Experience Sharing on Defense, Technology and
Cooperative Seccurity in South Asia
Report by Md Nazrul Islam *
Post workshop experience sharing program on
“Defense, Technology and Cooperative Security
in South Asia” was held on 15th November 2000
at central auditorium, Shahjalal University of
Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh. This
workshop was organized jointly by two RCSS summer
workshop alumni’s from Bangladesh, Md. Nazrul
Islam and S M Tariqul Islam and The Center for
Anthropology Review, Shahjalal University of Science
and Technology. The number of the participants
of the workshop were 150 from different professional
groups from Sylhet.
During the first session Md. Nazrul Islam introduced
a RCSS chapter. He said, though South Asia passed
50 years of post colonial rule but still the domestic
security issues and the bilateral and multilateral
issues of South Asian countries have not been
solved. The RCSS basically a South Asian based
non government, not profitable and independent
organization trying to create awareness among
the young South Asian scholars in this particular
field. It is also a South Asian forum for studies,
training, and multitrack dialogue & on issues
of regional interest. All activities of RCSS are
designed with a South Asia focus and are usually
participated by experts from all South Asian countries.
The centre is envisaged as a forum for advancing
the cause of cooperation, security, conflict resolution,
confidence building, peace and development in
the countries of the South Asian region.
In his address Professor M. Habibur Rahman, vice-chancellor,
Shahjalal University, said that, though the existing
ruling class has failed to solve the bilateral
and multilateral issues of South Asia, he believed
that next generation will be able to do this task
which will bring peace to the region.
Dr. Abdul Quddus presented a seminar paper on
“Indo-Pak Conflict and its Impact on Regional
Cooperation in South Asia”. Next speaker was S
M Tariqul Islam, an alumni of seventh RCSS summer
workshop in Colombo. He said that the workshop
gave him close insight to his current research
project. Tariqul presented a seminar paper on
“Instability, Governance and Security in South
Asia: Search for an Alternatives Paradigm”.
Md. Nazrul Islam presented a seminar paper on
“Non-Traditional Security in South Asia-A Subaltern
Perspective”. He said that as majority people
of South Asia lives in a subaltern domain, RCSS
should give importance on nontraditional security
issues in South Asia, which could ensure the security
of majority people in the region.
In the final session Dr. Abdul Quddus was the
chair and Dr. Kamal Ahmed Chowdhury, L.T. Ruhul
Amin, Advocate Amolendu Dhar and Journalist Iktiur
Uddin were the panel speakers. Dr. Kamal highlighted
that if we want to realize the present inactive
role of SAARC for the solution of contemporary
bilateral and multilateral issues in South Asia
we must realize the content of SAARC building.
Advocate Amolendu said that the political use
of religion is the major problem for the insatiable
situation in South Asia. The South Asian peoples
should create pressure on their political leaders
to avoid the use of religion in their political
game.
MEETING
OF THE INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COMMITTEE
AND THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Ameeting of the International Research Committee
and the Board of Directors of the Regional Centre
for Strategic Studies was held at Hotel Lanka
Oberoi, Colombo, Sri Lanka, on November 14-15,
2000. The following members were present:
|
International
Research Committee: |
Board
of Directors: |
Prof
Lok Raj Baral
Mr PR Chari
Prof Dilara Chowdhury
Dr Abdur Rob Khan
Dr Vernon LB Mendis
Dr Gowher Rizvi
Ms Rita Thapa
Dr Deepika Udagama
HE Mr Ibrahim H Zaki
Dr Iftekhar Zaman
Maj Gen (Retd) Dipankar Banerjee
(Executive Director) |
Dr
RA Ariyaratne
Dr Lorna Devaraja
Mr Dilip Kodikara
Dr Tressie Leitan
Mr Gamini Weerakoon
Mr Sugeeswara Senadhira
Associate Director
IRC Member Ms Farida Shaheed could
not be present due to other commitments.
|
“South
Asia at Gun Point: Small Arms and Light Weapons
Prolifereation”: a note of appreciation
I am glad that this book, which brings together
the proceedings of the Conference organized
by the Regional Centre for Strategic Studies
in Colombo, with the cooperation of the Department
for Disarmament Affairs, will be widely disseminated.
The publication of the book is also timely,
as it will serve as useful material for interested
Governments and non-governmental organisations
during the preparatory process for the United
Nations Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small
Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, which
is to be held in New York in July 2001.
Jayantha Dhanapala
Under-Secretary-General,
for Disarmament Affairs, United Nations
News from the RCSS Community
Congratulations
Nabeel Goheer of Winter Workshop 2000, got
married on the New Year eve and the wedding
was held at the Dreamland Motel, Islamabad.
Chen Yali of Summer Workshop 1999, joined Princeton
University for her Masters Degree.
Nani J. Mahanta, of Winter Workshop 2000, who
is a lecturer, Guwahati University, Assam, organised
a successful meeting at Guwahati from 22-24
December in his capacity as Secretary General
of North East India Political Science Conference.
Vidya Shankar Aiyar of Summer Workshop 1997,
is now the political commentator and news presenter
of Asia News International, Singapore.
Piyangi de Alwis joined as Programme Officer
(NTS Project) RCSS
RCSS mourns the demise of following distinguished
members of the RCSS Community
Prof Giri Deshingkar, Senior Fellow, CSDS, Delhi,
who was a faculty member Summer Workshop since
its inception.
Hasan Hunzai Research Associate, ISS, Islamabad,
who was a participant of Winter Workshop 1999.
RCSS
Activities
New Publications:
|
Dipankar
Banerjee ed. |
Security Studies in South Asia: Changes
and Challenges, Manohar, Delhi |
Navnita
Chadha Behra,
Victor Gunawardena,
Shahid Kardar &
Raisul Awal Mahmood |
People to People Contact in South Asia,
Manohar, Delhi |
Meetings/Seminars/Workshops/Conferences:
|
Nov
14-15 - |
Joint Meeting of International Research
Committee and Board of Directors, Colombo |
|
Dec
6 |
Seminar on Globalisation and Security in
the New Millennium, Colombo |
Executive Director:
|
Oct_31-Nov
1 |
Attended the German Government conference
on “Development and Disarmament” at Bonn.
Made a presentation on Economic Dimensions
of Violent Conflict. |
|
Nov
5-6 |
Participated and presented a paper at the
Annual Meeting of the Asia Pacific Security
Outlook 2001 at Bali, Indonesia |
|
17
Nov |
Lecture at the Sri Lankan Armed Force Staff
College on Small Arms and Light Weapons
Proliferation and Conventional Arms Disarmament |
|
14-16
Dec |
Participated in the conference on Sustainable
Economic Developmental Model in East and
Southeast Asia at Beijing |
Associate Director:
|
Nov
21-22 |
Attended
the International Seminar on SAARC in the
New Millennium, at Islamabad. Made a presentation
on Regional Cooperation: Problems and Prospects
for Sri Lanka |
IWMF
Courage in Journalism Award
Nominations are being sought worldwide for the
International Women’s Media Foundation’s Courage
in Journalism Award which honors women journalists
for demonstrating extraordinary strength of
character in pursuing their craft under difficult
or dangerous circumstances - physical danger,
official secrecy or oppression, political pressure,
or any other professionally intimidating obstacles.
Contact: Amy Johnson, Director of Programs;
International Women’s Media Foundation; 1726
M Street, NW, suite 1002; Washington, DC 20036;
tel. (202) 496-1992, fax (202) 496-1977, e-mail
:
ajohnson@iwmf.org
Views expressed in materials published in rcss
newsletter are of contributors, and not necessarily
of the RCSS. The rcss newsletter is published
quarterly. For copies, comments, contributions
and
further information please write to:
Associate Director
Regional Centre for Strategic Studies, 2, Elibank
Road, Colombo 5, SRI LANKA.
Tel: (94-1) 599734-5; Fax: 599993 e-mail:
rcss@sri.lanka.net
Editor: Sugeeswara Senadhira, Associate Director
Published by: Regional Centre for Strategic
Studies
Printed by: Ceylon Printers Ltd Colombo.
|
